Why Students Are Missing School, How to Fix It
2023-06-28
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1Education officials and activists are concerned about an increase in the number of American students who are absent for many days during the school year.
2Education policy experts call the problem "chronic absenteeism."
3Chronic absenteeism is defined as missing more than 10 percent, or about a total of 18 days, out of the school year.
4The 18 days do not need to be missed at one time and can be missed for any reason.
5Joshua Childs is a professor of education policy at the University of Texas, Austin.
6He said in an interview with the American Association for the Advancement of Science that, on average, 7.5 to 8 million students each year are chronically absent from school in the United States.
7But since the COVID-19 pandemic, that number has increased to at least 10 million a year.
8In Los Angeles schools, the second largest school district in the country, nearly half of students were considered chronically absent during the 2021-2022 school year.
9In Chicago, about 45 percent of students were chronically absent.
10Following the pandemic, "chronic absenteeism reached levels never before seen in this community," Los Angeles Unified School District Superintendent Alberto Carvalho told reporters in February.
11Educators say students need to attend school regularly to be successful.
12Childs said being absent from school hurts students both academically and socially.
13"Students who are chronically absent or miss a significant amount of school are more likely to drop out and are less likely to graduate from high school," Childs said.
14He added that students who miss a lot of school are less likely to feel connected with the school community and build relationships with other students and teachers.
15The Education Trust is a non-profit education research organization.
16In a report published in March, the group said that poor students, students of color, and students who do not speak English at home are the most likely to miss a lot of school.
17Those students are also more likely to lack the ability to make up for the lost time.
18There are many reasons why students miss a lot of school.
19Childs said the lung condition of asthma; obesity, or being extremely overweight; and dental problems are the leading physical causes.
20Since the pandemic, mental health problems also have increased.
21There may also be community and neighborhood problems that play a part in attendance, Childs said.
22Certain conditions also can affect attendance.
23These include whether a student has safe transportation to and from school or whether the school itself is a safe environment.
24Childs added that if families do not feel connected with the school community or do not value education that can add to absenteeism.
25The Education Trust report advised districts to deal with the underlying issues that are keeping students out of school to improve attendance.
26It said answers require cooperation between students, families and the community.
27Traditionally, students and families have been punished for low attendance.
28In extreme cases, parents can be sentenced to jail if their children are absent from school too often.
29But punishing students and families for being absent has "not been shown to improve attendance," and can even make the problem worse, the group's report said.
30In Los Angeles this year, improving attendance was a top issue for the district.
31The city hired workers to visit homes to find students who had been absent to get them back into school.
32The district also hired more attendance counselors to assist families in getting housing, food, or even transportation.
33Los Angeles schools superintendent Carvalho told the Philadelphia Inquirer in May that the district had seen a 32 percent decrease in chronic absenteeism.
34The Education Trust said chronic absenteeism is a community problem that should be dealt with using community-based methods.
35"Unless school leaders draw upon the knowledge of their students and families, they are unlikely to create effective solutions," the report said.
36I'm Dan Novak.
1Education officials and activists are concerned about an increase in the number of American students who are absent for many days during the school year. 2Education policy experts call the problem "chronic absenteeism." Chronic absenteeism is defined as missing more than 10 percent, or about a total of 18 days, out of the school year. The 18 days do not need to be missed at one time and can be missed for any reason. 3Joshua Childs is a professor of education policy at the University of Texas, Austin. He said in an interview with the American Association for the Advancement of Science that, on average, 7.5 to 8 million students each year are chronically absent from school in the United States. But since the COVID-19 pandemic, that number has increased to at least 10 million a year. 4In Los Angeles schools, the second largest school district in the country, nearly half of students were considered chronically absent during the 2021-2022 school year. In Chicago, about 45 percent of students were chronically absent. 5Following the pandemic, "chronic absenteeism reached levels never before seen in this community," Los Angeles Unified School District Superintendent Alberto Carvalho told reporters in February. 6Educators say students need to attend school regularly to be successful. Childs said being absent from school hurts students both academically and socially. 7"Students who are chronically absent or miss a significant amount of school are more likely to drop out and are less likely to graduate from high school," Childs said. 8He added that students who miss a lot of school are less likely to feel connected with the school community and build relationships with other students and teachers. 9The Education Trust is a non-profit education research organization. In a report published in March, the group said that poor students, students of color, and students who do not speak English at home are the most likely to miss a lot of school. Those students are also more likely to lack the ability to make up for the lost time. 10There are many reasons why students miss a lot of school. Childs said the lung condition of asthma; obesity, or being extremely overweight; and dental problems are the leading physical causes. Since the pandemic, mental health problems also have increased. 11There may also be community and neighborhood problems that play a part in attendance, Childs said. Certain conditions also can affect attendance. These include whether a student has safe transportation to and from school or whether the school itself is a safe environment. Childs added that if families do not feel connected with the school community or do not value education that can add to absenteeism. 12The Education Trust report advised districts to deal with the underlying issues that are keeping students out of school to improve attendance. It said answers require cooperation between students, families and the community. 13Traditionally, students and families have been punished for low attendance. In extreme cases, parents can be sentenced to jail if their children are absent from school too often. But punishing students and families for being absent has "not been shown to improve attendance," and can even make the problem worse, the group's report said. 14In Los Angeles this year, improving attendance was a top issue for the district. The city hired workers to visit homes to find students who had been absent to get them back into school. The district also hired more attendance counselors to assist families in getting housing, food, or even transportation. Los Angeles schools superintendent Carvalho told the Philadelphia Inquirer in May that the district had seen a 32 percent decrease in chronic absenteeism. 15The Education Trust said chronic absenteeism is a community problem that should be dealt with using community-based methods. 16"Unless school leaders draw upon the knowledge of their students and families, they are unlikely to create effective solutions," the report said. 17I'm Dan Novak. 18Dan Novak wrote this story for VOA Learning English. 19______________________________________________________________________ 20Words in This Story 21absent - adj. to not attend something, such as school, that one is expected to attend 22chronic - adj. something that happens all the time 23district - n. an area defined by a government for a special purpose such as for school administration or for services 24academic - adj. related to school, learning or teaching 25significant - adj. enough to have a noticeable or important effect 26hire - v. to give a job to someone; to pay someone to do a job